review · World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic condition that represents approximately ninety percent of all diabetes cases globally. It presents an escalating international health challenge characterised by insulin resistance, wherein the body exhibits a reduced response to insulin. The onset of the disease is driven by a combination of modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Modifiable elements include obesity, physical inactivity, and inadequate nutrition, while non-modifiable factors encompass advancing age, ethnicity, genetic family history, and past gestational diabetes. The foundational approaches to managing the disorder rely on lifestyle modifications, specifically dietary improvements, regular physical exercise, and smoking cessation. In conjunction with these behavioural interventions, pharmacological treatments are employed to maintain control. Medical literature across multiple major research databases was examined to profile how these clinical dynamics operate within patient populations.
Type 2 diabetes affects millions of individuals globally and continues to place a heavy burden on healthcare systems. Clarifying the relative impact of modifiable lifestyle habits alongside fixed genetic and demographic risks highlights key intervention points. Understanding the combined value of lifestyle changes and medical therapies helps patients and carers better navigate effective prevention and everyday management of this metabolic disorder.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), also known as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is one of the common metabolic disorders in the world. T2DM accounts for around 90% of all cases of diabetes mellitus, afflicting millions worldwide. It is a significant global health burden with a steadily increasing prevalence. In T2DM, the response to insulin is diminished, and this is defined as insulin resistance. Risk factors for T2DM are diverse. Some are modifiable, and others are not. Modifiable risk factors include overweight/obesity, lack of exercise or physical inactivity, poor nutrition, etc. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, ethnicity/race, family history, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, etc. The starting points and mainstays of treatment for T2DM are diet and lifestyle modifications such as increased physical activity and stoppage of smoking. In addition to the diet and lifestyle modifications, drugs are also used in the management of T2DM. This study aimed to profile the clinical dynamics of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients. Current literatures from different databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, etc. on the topic were searched online and reviewed.
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DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i5.294
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