article · Ain Shams Engineering Journal
This research outlines the design and simulation of a compact, circularly polarised monopole antenna integrated with a multiband rectifier circuit for ambient radio frequency energy harvesting. Built on a low-cost FR4 substrate with dimensions comparable to a standard USB drive, the antenna operates across a wide frequency range from 2 GHz to 10 GHz, excluding a notched band between 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz. Because it is circularly polarised, the device can capture energy regardless of its orientation. A single-stage voltage doubler rectifier using Schottky diodes converts the collected high-frequency signals into direct current. Optimised through simulation tools, the system achieves a peak direct current output of 0.94 V across a 5 kΩ load with a 60 percent power conversion efficiency when supplied with a -5 dBm input signal.
Connected sensors and Internet of Things devices require continuous power, but conventional renewable sources like solar and wind are intermittent. Ambient radio frequency energy is constantly present in the environment. Developing compact systems that reliably turn these ambient electromagnetic waves into usable electricity helps support low-power electronics without relying entirely on physical battery replacements.
The design is aimed at low-power Internet of Things hardware and sensor networks seeking autonomous power sources. Its compact dimensions and use of inexpensive FR4 material suggest potential suitability for portable electronics. However, the abstract indicates the development relies on simulation software rather than physical laboratory or field prototypes, placing this work at an early stage of research and design validation.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
The growing development of inter-networking devices and internet-of-things (IoT) are required to make use of all possible energy sources for different types of sensor. Ambient renewable energy resources are needed and received more attention this era especially those present at all the day and not depend on moving, wind or sunlight. The ambient electromagnetic field as radio frequency (RF) is constantly present, even with a very small amplitude, a reliable alternative to supply the system with a low power rate. This paper presented a split ring resonator shaped monopole antenna circularly polarized to resonate at different resonant on low cost FR4 substrate size of Universal Serial Bus (USB) integrated with multiband rectifier circuit by using high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) ver. 15. The proposed antenna is circularly polarized could be used at any orientation to be used as portable RF energy harvesting device with dimensions 15 × 35 mm2. The −10 dB impedance matching bandwidth of the proposed monopole antenna start to resonate from 2 GHz up to 10 GHz with band notches extended from 2.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz, hence the antenna resonates at most of wireless communication. In addition, the single stage of voltage doubler rectifier (VDR) is added and designed to convert the RF into direct current (DC) signal with wideband of operation extended from 2 GHz up to 10 GHz with overall size of the rectifier is 9.2 × 20 mm2. A pair package of SMS 7630 Schottky diode is used with a voltage drop of 0.34 V. The matching circuit is optimized using Advanced Design System (ADS) simulation tool such for maximum DC output signal through the frequency band of operation. The maximum DC output voltage is 0.94 V for 5 kΩ load resistance with 60% power conversion efficiency at −5 dBm input signal.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2023.102182
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