Prevalence, Pattern, and Correlates of Depression Among Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Patient Enrollees in Ogbomoso, Oyo State: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by _Mycobacterium tuberculosis_ is still one of the leading public health problems, despite advances in the effort to reduce its incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Studies have shown that the prevalence of depression correlated with the severity and duration of tuberculosis. Therefore this study aims to find out the prevalence and pattern of depression among drug-susceptible TB patients to improve treatment outcomes and thereby reduce morbidity and mortality from the disease. METHODOLOGY: The study was a cross-sectional hospital-based survey. Sample size of 333 respondents was calculated using Leslie Fischer's formula (n= z²pq /d²). A multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive analysis was done or all variables. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using chi-square and binomial regression respectively. The level of significance is set with a p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS: More than half of the respondents (186, 55.9%) of the respondents were depressed. The majority (122, 65.5%) of respondents had mild depression, 46 (24.7%) had moderate depression while 18(9.7%) had moderately severe depression. Sex, marital status, level of education and average monthly income were significantly associated with depression status at bivariate level. Multivariate analysis revealed that respondents with no formal education were 6 times less likely to develop depression (AOR = 0.175, P = 0.001). Respondents with Primary level of education were 2 times less likely to develop depression (AOR = 0.427, P = 0.023). Respondents with Secondary level of education were 3 times less likely to develop depression compared to Tertiary level of education. Respondents living with HIV were 35 times more likely to develop depression (AOR = 35.303, P = 0.017) compared to those who were HIV negative. CONCLUSION: This study found a high prevalence of depression among TB patients. Factors such as no formal education, sex, marital status, low socioeconomic status, and comorbidities like TB/HIV and diabetes mellitus were statistically associated with depression.