Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Asian Population Using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 Definition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background Sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant health concern, particularly in Asian populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria and identify associated risk factors in Asian patients with CKD. Materials and Methods We systematically searched PubMed and Scopus databases (January 2019 – November 2024) following PRISMA guidelines. Studies using AWGS 2019 criteria for sarcopenia diagnosis in Asian patients with CKD were included. We screened records, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in duplicate. Random-effect models were used to calculate pooled prevalence and odds ratios. This study is registered with PROSPERO, Reg No. CRD42024606055. Results Analysis of 43 studies (15,832 patients) revealed an overall sarcopenia prevalence of 25% (95% CI: 20-30%). Prevalence varied significantly by region (Japan: 38%; Malaysia: 5%) and treatment modality (dialysis: 30%; non-dialysis: 14%). Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis showed the highest prevalence (40%, 95% CI: 32-49%). Significant risk factors included age (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05-1.07), male sex (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.09-1.68), hypertension (OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 2.24-3.32), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.94-2.71). Higher BMI showed a protective effect (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82-0.88). Conclusion Sarcopenia affects approximately one-quarter of Asian patients with CKD, with a higher prevalence in dialysis populations. The identified risk factors and regional variations provide valuable insights for targeted screening and intervention strategies in clinical practice.