Prevalence of Hypomagnesaemia among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and its Correlation to Intra-hospital Complications

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold> Magnesium (Mg) has recognized cardio-protective properties, and hypomagnesemia is common in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Low serum magnesium has been implicated in cardiovascular mortality, but results are conflicting and the pathophysiology is unclear. <bold>Objective:</bold>To determine the prevalence and effects of hypomagnesemia in patients with AMI. <bold>Method:</bold>A cross-sectional study enrolled 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to MadaniHeart Centre (MHC) in Sudan. Through one year, demographic data, clinical data (presenting complains, medical history, and medication history), laboratory examination, electrocardiography (ECG) findings, and echocardiography findings were collected. Serum magnesium was measured for all participants, and hypomagnesemia was defined as serum magnesium less than 2.4 mg/dl. <bold>Results:</bold> Among 100 patients, 55 (55%) were females and 45 (45%) were males, and the mean age was 60.2±13.0 years. Chest pain (n = 92; 92%) was the major presenting complaint; in addition, DM (n = 50; 50%) and hypertension (n = 50; 50%) were the commonest cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among patients. The mean of magnesium was 2.1±0.4 mg/dl, and hypomagnesemia was found in 10 (10%) patients. Inelectrocardiography, 14 (14%) patients had arrhythmia as RBBB in 4 (4%), SVT in 4 (4%), LBBB in 3 (3%), AF-RVR in 2 (2%) and VT in one (1%) patient (<italic>p </italic>value = 0.016). 98 (98%) patients were normally discharged, while unfortunately two patients died (2%); both have a high magnesium level. <bold>Conclusion:</bold>The frequency of hypomagnesemia among acute myocardial infarction patients was high, with significant association to development of arrhythmias (mainly supraventricular tachycardia) and hypomagnesemia had no significant role as a predictor for prognosis and mortality.