Prevalence of Congenital Malformations in the Oriental Region of Morocco

Abstract

This retrospective study conducted at the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda analyzed clinically visible congenital malformations among neonates admitted over a one-year period. The maternal age profile predominantly included young adults, with a significant proportion of cases linked to consanguinity, highlighting a potential genetic contribution to the occurrence of these anomalies. Most malformations were diagnosed after birth, with congenital heart defects representing the most frequent anomaly, followed by major digestive malformations such as anal atresia and omphalocele. Cases involving multiple malformations were also documented. The neonatal outcomes revealed a concerning mortality rate, reflecting the severity of these congenital conditions. These findings emphasize the urgent need to strengthen prenatal screening programs, implement a national registry for congenital malformations, and enhance public health interventions focused on prevention and early diagnosis to improve neonatal prognosis and reduce morbidity and mortality in this region.