Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associated factors of occupational skin diseases among auto mechanics in Bafoussam, Cameroon

Abstract

Dermatoses constitute a major occupational health concern, particularly within the informal sectors of developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, associated risk factors, and preventive practices of dermatoses among garage workers in Bafoussam, Cameroon.This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from May to November 2024. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire and a systematic dermatological examination of garage workers. Associations between exposure factors and dermatoses were assessed and calculated using bivariate analysis, and Odds Ratios (ORs) at 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). The significance level was set at 5%. A total of 125 garage workers were recruited for the study, of whom 111 were male (88.8%) with a Male: Female sex ratio of 7.92. The average age and job tenure were 29.95±9.45 and 5.03±2.76 years, respectively. The sample comprised mechanics (70.4%), car painters (12.8%), welders (9.6%) and electricians (7.2%). The prevalence rate of dermatoses among the sample was 51%. Lesions were predominantly located on the hands (68.8%) and included ulcerations (20.3%), mycoses (14.1%) and irritations (14.1%). Significant associated factors included exposure to fuels (p=0.006; OR=1.8, 95% CI : 1.3-2.1), glues (p=0.009; OR=1.7, 95%CI : 1.3-2.4), and rubber (p=0.012; OR=1.5, 95%CI : 1.2-2.1). Personal protective equipment was in short supply. In addition, sanitary facilities were absent in some garages, and the washing of integuments after work was not systematic (85%).This study reveals that the high prevalence of occupational dermatoses among garage workers in Cameroon was closely linked to inadequate protection measures. These findings underline the urgent need for targeted interventions, particularly hygiene education and improved availability of personal protective equipment. Keywords: Occupational dermatoses, garage workers, prevalence, associated factors, Cameroon.