Prevalence and Pathology of Sub-clinical Abomasal Coccidiosis (<i>Eimeria gilruthi</i>) in adult West African Dwarf goats from three localities in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria

Abstract

Coccidiosis is a neglected disease that affects small ruminants, including goats, in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and abomasal morpho-pathological changes associated with sub-clinical Eimeria gilruthi infection in adult goats from three localities in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria. A total of 103 abomasal samples were collected from West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in the aforementioned states. Data on husbandry system, housing, sex, age, and colour of the animals were recorded. Examination for the presence of Eimeria schizonts, gross and histopathological analyses were conducted. The overall prevalence of E. gilruthi infection in WAD goats was 67.0%. Ogun State exhibited a higher prevalence (87.5%) compared to Oyo State (12.5%). Among the three localities, Ayetoro had the highest prevalence (88.2%), followed by Odeda (86.8%), while Beere had the lowest prevalence (16.1%). The semiintensive grazing system and housing with wood and scrap materials were associated with higher infection prevalence. Age and skin color did not significantly influence the infection rate. Gross and histopathological examinations unveiled thickening of the abomasal wall with prominent nodules. Schizonts, surrounded by inflammatory cells and edema fluid, were observed within enterocytes. Morphological and morphometric analysis of the schizonts revealed diverse developmental stages and characteristic features. In conclusion, sub-clinical E. gilruthi infection is prevalent among adult goats in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria. This study provides vital insights into the prevalence, risk factors, and morpho-pathological changes related to sub-clinical coccidiosis in goats, which can contribute to improved management and control strategies for this disease.