Prevalence and Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North‐Central Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Both intestinal parasitic infections and diabetes mellitus are major global health concerns, particularly in developing countries. The compromised immunity of diabetic patients increases their susceptibility to intestinal parasites. However, little is known about the burden of these infections among diabetic patients in Ethiopia, especially in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among diabetic patients at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from December 1 to 30, 2024. A total of 262 participants were selected using systematic sampling. Data on sociodemographic and clinical factors were collected through a semi‐structured questionnaire. Stool samples were examined using direct wet mount, formol‐ether concentration, and modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining techniques. Data were entered into EPiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals calculated. A p ‐value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 20.6% (95% CI: 15.9–26.0). Among the identified parasites, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar had the highest prevalence (26 cases, 9.9%), followed by Cryptosporidium spp . (15 cases, 5.7%) and Giardia lamblia (9 cases, 3.4%). Improper latrine utilization (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.13–3.81), consumption of unwashed vegetables or fruits (AOR = 3.62, 95% CI: 1.14–7.70), drinking well or spring water (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.45–5.27), and the presence of domestic animals in the house (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.18–3.98) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections among diabetic patients. Conclusions Intestinal parasitic infections are prevalent among diabetic patients, with key risk factors including improper latrine utilization, consumption of unwashed fruits or vegetables, drinking well or spring water, and the presence of domestic animals in the household.