Potentiometric Ion-selective Electrode for the Determination of Antazoline in Different Formulations and Biological Fluids Using Biomimetic Receptors

Abstract

Background: Traditional analysis techniques usually involve separation and pre-treatment steps prior to analysis, resulting in time and solvent consumption. In contrast, a potentiometric ion selective electrode is a simple, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective technique that is used as an alternative analytical technique, utilizing the efficacy of potentiometric sensors used in stability research and quality control investigations. Methods: An innovative Antazoline selective membrane sensor was constructed and evaluated to detect Antazoline in its pure form, eye drop formulations, degradation products, and biological fluid. Sensor fabrication was achieved using potassium tetrakis borate and polyvinyl chloride polymeric matrix plasticized with 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether and using calix[8]arene (CX8) as an ionophore. A comparative potentiometric study was implemented using two sensors, one using an ionophore and the other lacking the ionophore. Results: Linear responses of Antazoline were obtained utilizing sensors 1 and 2 in concentration ranges of 1.0×10-2 to 1.0×10-7 mole/L and 1.0×10-2 to 1.0×10-6 mole/L, correspondingly. Nernstian slopes of 58.486 and 51.2 mV/decade over pH 8.0 were attainted using 1 and 2 sensors, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method was applied to determine antazoline without any need for any pretreatment or separation steps in both formulated eye drops Trillerg® sterile ophthalmic solution and Otrivine- Antistin® Eye Drops as well as in rabbit aqueous humor and the presence of its degradation products. Estimation of the method's greenness was confirmed using several assessment tools.