Potential of <i>Ecklonia maxima</i> as a feed supplement in aquafeed: a review

Abstract

This review examines the potential of Ecklonia maxima, a brown seaweed, as a sustainable feed supplement in aquaculture. With the industry facing pressure to adopt environmentally friendly practices, E. maxima offers promise due to its bioactive compounds that promote growth and health in aquatic organisms. Studies have shown that dietary supplementation with E. maxima improves fish growth rates, feed conversion efficiency, and nutrient retention. The seaweed’s bioactive compounds, including phlorotannins and fucoidans, enhance digestibility, modulate gut health, and stimulate immune responses. This review assesses the impact of E. maxima supplementation on fish growth performance and feed utilization, considering factors like dietary inclusion levels and species-specific responses. Findings suggest that E. maxima supplementation positively influences growth parameters and feed efficiency in various fish species, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional feed additives. However, further research is needed to optimize supplementation protocols and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Leveraging marine resources can help the industry adopt more environmentally responsible practices while ensuring continued growth and prosperity. Overall, this review emphasizes the significance of E. maxima as a sustainable feed supplement in aquaculture, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where the region’s particular environmental challenges must be addressed while production is increased due to the growing demand for fish farming.