article · Scientific Reports
Spherical silver nanoparticles coated in a carbon shell, with an average size of 17 nanometres, were synthesized using an electrical arc powered by a single spark unit in deionised water. The resulting material demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, outperforming the antibiotic Ceftazidime. The nanoparticles achieved an inhibition zone diameter of 15 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 µg/mL. Microscopic analysis showed that the particles adhere to bacterial membranes, resulting in cell lysis and death. Molecular testing confirmed that the treatment inhibits the expression of genes associated with virulence adhesion, mucoid factor encoding, and biofilm formation. Cytotoxicity testing on normal L929 lung cells showed a cytotoxic concentration 50 value of 235.5 µg/mL.
Bacterial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa present a major challenge, particularly when standard antibiotics prove ineffective. This research demonstrates a synthesis method for creating carbon-coated silver nanoparticles that effectively kill these bacteria and suppress genes linked to biofilms and virulence, while exhibiting measured cytotoxicity against normal mammalian cells.
The findings point towards potential applications in antimicrobial treatments targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Potential users include biomedical developers and pharmaceutical researchers seeking alternative antimicrobial agents. As the work is early-stage research consisting of laboratory synthesis, bacterial assays, and preliminary in vitro cell line toxicity tests, substantial further preclinical testing would be required prior to any practical deployment.
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Highly effective AgNPs@C was efficiently synthesized by electrical arc powered by single spark unit which was sufficient to ionize the dielectric media (deionized water) through applying strong electric field between the electrodes (silver and carbon). The AgNPs@C shell was characterized in terms of stability, morphology and phase structure. All characterizations showed that the prepared silver nanoparticles were spherical with average size reached 17 nm coated with carbon shell. The antibacterial effect of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in comparison to Ceftazidime (commonly used antibiotic against P. aeruginosa infections). It was revealed that AgNPs@C shell has superior activity with inhibition zone diameter reached 15 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration reached 2 µg/mL. The observed activity was further confirmed by confocal microscope which showed an increased red region, representing the dead cells, correlated with the presence of AgNPs@C. Moreover, transmission electron microscope studies implied the possible AgNPs@C antibacterial mechanism of action was the nanoparticles adherence to the bacterial membrane causing cell lysis. The molecular studies against fimH (virulence adhesion gene), rmpA (mucoid factor encoding gene), and mrkA (biofilm forming gene) proved the inhibition of their genetic expression. The cytotoxic effect of the synthesized AgNPs@C showed CC50 reached 235.5 μg/mL against normal lung cells (L929 cell line).
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54648-y
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