Possible Effects of Empagliflozin on Hippocampal Structural Changes Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Induced by Aluminum Chloride in Adult Male Albino Rats ( Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurological condition that worsens over time. Inadequate therapy causes AD to worsen more quickly. Therefore, our goals were to show the detrimental effects of AD caused by Aluminum chloride (ALCL3) on the adult male albino rat hippocampal histological and immunohistochemical structure, as well as to elucidate any potential benefits of empagliflozin in reversing these structural alterations. Methods: This study was performed in Medical Histology and Cell Biology department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University. Rats were randomly divided into three main groups: control group, Alzheimer-induced model group and empagliflozin-treated groups. Results: There was statistically significant decrease in T-maze, TAC in curative compared to control group and ameliorative group (p˂0.05) while there was statistically significant increase in MDA in curative compared to control group and ameliorative group. Conclusion: AD induced by aluminum chloride resulted in biochemical and histological degenerative changes in the hippocampus Cornu Ammonis (CA1) and Dentate gyrus (DG) and the administration of empagliflozin (EMP) could ameliorate this degenerative damage, whereas early management with EMP may exert a highly ameliorative role than late curative.