Pomological Characteristics of Argan Tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] Genetic Resources in Morocco

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: The argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels], native to Morocco, faces significant threats from climate change, leading to a shrinking natural distribution area. This study aimed to assess the diversity within argan tree populations and identify morphological differences and similarities among them by examining their fruits, seeds, and almonds. Results: Researchers analyzed 32 morphological characteristics from 13 populations (40 samples each, totaling 520 materials) across diverse Moroccan coastal and inland habitats. Analysis of variance and multiple tests revealed significant morphological changes and high diversity among the populations. Notably, Cluster Analysis showed that the Aoulouz population formed a distinct group, highlighting its unique characteristics. Significant differences were also observed in fruit, seed, and almond diversity parameters. Conclusion: The study confirms the high diversity of argan populations in Morocco’s natural distribution areas. These findings are crucial for developing integrated in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for the argan species. The research outputs will support the economic viability, ecological integrity, and long-term sustainability of this valuable and long-degraded species.