Policy insights into Aotearoa New Zealand's energy transition

Abstract

The transition from fossil fuels to low or zero-carbon alternatives needs to consider factors such as energy security, affordability, and sustainable development. While renewable energy is often said to be the way forward, the pathway for the transition is not clear. In response, this paper analysed the various dimensions that influence the energy transition in Aotearoa New Zealand. The study used qualitative tools, including expert interviews, to provide an interpretative perspective on renewable energy policy. It was observed that Aotearoa New Zealand has a positive outlook with its commitment to a just energy transition. The major strength includes a renewable energy-centric electricity sector and a holistic approach beyond fuel replacement. The analysis identified opportunities such as reductions in energy consumption, rapid decarbonisation of agriculture and awareness initiatives. Nevertheless, weaknesses such as coordination issues, and overreliance on subsidies have been identified as well. Policymakers need to find ways to balance economic growth, a just transition and overall energy consumption reduction. The paper strongly advocates for informed and collective decision-making to solve complex issues to ensure a sustainable and equitable future.