review · Biology Methods and Protocols
Effective point-of-care field screening for Mycoplasma bovis infection remains constrained by the need for simple, robust tests that avoid specialised laboratory equipment. A systematic review examined literature published between 2014 and 2023 on diagnostic methodologies for this pathogen. From an initial set of 103 articles, 43 studies meeting the screening criteria were analysed, encompassing 25 distinct diagnostic assay methods. These approaches include microbiological culture, serological assays, PCR-based assays, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), next-generation sequencing, and lateral flow assays. Evaluation concentrated specifically on the three identified lateral flow-based assays compared to other diagnostic formats. These lateral flow methods demonstrate distinct operational advantages over complex laboratory techniques, highlighting their strong suitability for development as field-ready point-of-care tests. Further targeted research is needed to refine lateral flow screening devices to improve the practical diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis in livestock management.
Mycoplasma bovis is an important cattle pathogen that requires rapid and reliable detection. Traditional diagnostic methods depend on delicate laboratory equipment, delaying results and treatment. Identifying viable point-of-care methods, such as lateral flow tests, can allow veterinarians and farmers to detect infections on site, enabling quicker interventions to prevent disease spread within herds.
The findings support the development of lateral flow rapid test kits for on-farm detection of Mycoplasma bovis by veterinarians and livestock managers. Because only three lateral flow assays were identified in the literature, the technology is at an early research and development stage, requiring further targeted research before commercial, market-ready diagnostic devices can be produced.
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Point-of-care (POC) field screening for tools for <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> (<i>M. bovis)</i> is still lacking due to the requirement for a simple, robust field-applicable test that does not entail specialized laboratory equipment. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, this review identifies the methodologies that were retrieved based on our search strategy that have been reported for the diagnosis of <i>m. bovis</i> infection between 2014 and diagnostics. A search criterion was generated to curate 103 articles, which were reduced in number (to 46), following the screening guidelines of PRISMA. The 43 articles included in the study present 25 different assay methods. The assay methods were grouped as microbiological culture, serological assay, PCR-based assay, LAMP-based assay, NGS-based assay, or lateral flow assay. We, however, focus our discussion on the three lateral flow-based assays relative to others, highlighting the advantages they present above the other techniques and their potential applicability as a POC diagnostic test for <i>M. bovis</i> infections. We therefore call for further research on developing a lateral flow-based screening tool that could revolutionize the diagnosis of <i>M. bovis</i> infection.
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DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae034
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