article · PLoS ONE
This hospital-based case-control study assessed plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, known as PAI-1, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a district hospital in Ghana. Researchers evaluated 60 individuals with type 2 diabetes, divided equally between those with good and poor glycaemic control, alongside 30 healthy control donors. Blood analyses revealed that both PAI-1 antigen and activity levels were significantly elevated in diabetic subjects compared to healthy controls, with the highest levels found in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes. Furthermore, PAI-1 measurements demonstrated positive correlations with glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, and other lipid parameters. These findings confirm that poor glycaemic control exacerbates hypofibrinolysis and promotes a hypercoagulable state. As a result, monitoring fibrinolysis markers alongside blood sugar management is highlighted as an important step to mitigate thrombosis risks and cardiovascular complications in diabetes care.
Type 2 diabetes often increases the risk of serious cardiovascular complications by making the blood more prone to clotting. By showing that poor blood sugar control directly associates with higher levels of clotting inhibitors like PAI-1, this research underscores the vital importance of managing blood glucose and tracking clotting markers to prevent heart disease and strokes in diabetes patients.
This is early-stage clinical research that could inform the use of diagnostic tests for PAI-1 or broader fibrinolysis markers by healthcare providers managing diabetes. The abstract points toward clinical screening and potential anticoagulant therapy, but it does not evaluate specific commercial diagnostic tools, drug formulations, or direct product development pathways.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
BACKGROUND: Hypofibrinolysis resulting from the up-regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) usually occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), rendering them hypercoagulable. This study assessed the plasma antigen and activity levels of the PAI-1 enzyme in T2DM patients in a district hospital in Ghana. METHODS: This was a hospital-based case-control study conducted from December 2018 to May 2019 at Nkenkaasu District Hospital. Sixty subjects with T2DM (30 T2DM subjects with good glycemic control and 30 with poor glycemic control), and 30 apparently healthy blood donors were recruited into the study. Blood specimens were collected for complete blood count, lipid profile, PAI-1 Ag and PAI-1 activity levels. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and clinical information. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: Elevated PAI-1 Ag and activity levels were observed in the T2DM subjects compared to the healthy controls, with the levels and activity significantly higher (PAI-1 Ag; p< 0.001, PAI-1 activity level; p = 0.004) in the T2DM subjects with poor glycemic control in comparison to those with good glycemic control. A significant positive correlation was observed between HbA1c and PAI-1 enzymes. PAI-1 Ag levels significantly increased along with increased total cholesterol (Β = 0.262, p = 0.033), triglyceride (Β = -0.273, p = 0.034) and HbA1c (Β = 0.419, p = 0.001). Similarly, PAI-1 activity level was associated with total cholesterol (Β = 0.325, p = 0.009), triglyceride (Β = -0.262, p = 0.042), HbA1c (Β = 0.389, p = 0.003) and VLDL-c (Β = -0.227, p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: PAI-1 antigen/activity is enhanced in poorly controlled Ghanaian T2DM subjects. The hypercoagulable state of the affected individuals put them at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Good glycemic control to regulate plasma PAI-1 levels is essential during T2DM lifelong management. Markers of fibrinolysis should be assessed in these individuals and appropriate anticoagulants given to prevent thrombosis and adverse cardiovascular diseases.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250090
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