Phytoremediation and phytomining of palladium and other platinum group elements

Abstract

Abstract Increased human activities have led to a growing demand for palladium and platinum. However, since platinum group metals (PGMs) are non-biodegradable, they accumulate in the environment, posing a significant risk of contaminating the food chain. It is crucial to address the problem of contamination by PGMs in various environments, while simultaneously striving to recover these valuable metals in a financially feasible and environmentally sustainable manner. Accordingly, the successful remediation of soil and water is a global concern and an immediate necessity. Phytoremediation and phytomining, as sustainable green technologies, have demonstrated significant potential in addressing complex issues and promoting innovative approaches to the remediation and recovery of heavy metals. The potential implementation of novel hyperaccumulators in the fields of phytoremediation and phytomining is investigated. Molecular biology approaches are used to enhance our understanding of the intricate processes involved in metal uptake, translocation, storage, and tolerance in plants. This chapter discusses different approaches for PGM remediation using plants. It also highlights the basic mechanisms involved in uptake of PGMs by plants as well as pros and cons associated with this eco-friendly and cost-effective technology.