Phytopharmaceutical Benefits of Resveratrol in the Management of Diseases and Health Maintenance: A Review

Abstract

In the last few decades, natural products have enjoyed an extensive range of acceptability for the prevention, treatment and management of various health conditions. Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a common phytoalexin found in grapes, peanuts, cocoa, and berries of Vaccinium species, together with blueberries, bilberries, and cranberries. Research interest in resveratrol has been increasing due to growing evidence of its many health benefits. This review is aimed at highlighting the various benefits of resveratrol in health and diseases. The present study reviewed published advances in the health-promoting benefits of resveratrol in human clinical trials as well as in animal experimental models with a focus on postulated molecular mechanisms of action. We discussed the sources, biochemistry, bioavailability and biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-platelet, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory and cardio-protective, anti-obesity and neuroprotective effects. The study observed that these varieties of biotic influences are initiated by multiple molecular targets and pathways involving cyclooxygenases/lipooxygenases, kinases, sirtuins, transcription factors, cytokines, DNA polymerase, adenylyl cyclase, ribonucleotide reductase and aromatase and thus, enhancing their potential to influence many physiological processes. The study concludes that resveratrol has demonstrated a potent effect against several disease conditions, however, its low bioavailability greatly limits its applications. This review recommends further research direction in the development of health maintenance and therapeutic agents from resveratrol.