article · Aquaculture Reports
This study investigated the physiological and ion changes in Nile tilapia, an important economic fish species, when exposed to salinity stress. Researchers divided fish into groups exposed to 0, 10, or 15 ppt salinity and observed them over 5 and 10 days. They found that blood oxygen, gases, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and key ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium were significantly affected. Stress hormones such as cortisol and triiodothyronine also showed significant changes. An oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde, increased initially. Genes involved in ion regulation, Na+-K+-ATPase and cytosolic carbonic anhydrase, were upregulated. Furthermore, high salinity caused visible damage to the gills, liver, and kidney tissues, confirming its harmful effects on tilapia health.
Understanding how salinity stress impacts Nile tilapia is crucial for sustainable aquaculture. This research helps identify physiological indicators of stress, which can inform better management practices to maintain fish health and productivity in varying environmental conditions, ultimately benefiting fish farming operations.
This early-stage research provides fundamental insights into the physiological responses of Nile tilapia to salinity stress. These findings could be used by aquaculture farmers and researchers to develop improved monitoring tools or management strategies for rearing tilapia in environments with fluctuating or elevated salinity. Such tools could help optimise fish health and growth, potentially reducing losses in commercial tilapia production.
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Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a well-known economic fish species and can grow well under optimum environmental conditions. However, stressful rearing conditions are expected to deteriorate the performance and health condition of fish. Hence, the present study investigated the physiological and ion changes of Nile tilapia under salinity stress. Fish of 200 ± 20 g were divided into three groups where the control group reared in water with 0 ppt salinity, while the second and third groups were raised in water with low salinity (10 ppt) and high salinity (15 ppt), respectively. Blood dissolved oxygen and gases (pH, PO2, PCO2, TCO2, and HCO3−) significantly differed in different groups after 5 and 10 days (P < 0.05). The salinity stress affected the Hb, PCV, Na+, K+, Ca++, and lactate significantly (P < 0.05). Serum cortisol, triiodothyronine, and free triiodothyronine concentrations after 5 and 10 days were significantly affected (P < 0.05) in salinity stressed groups compared to the control group. Serum malondialdehyde showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) after 5 days in the stressed groups, then became non-significant after 10 days compared to the control group. The relative gene expression of Na+-K+-ATPase and cytosolic carbonic anhydrase were significantly upregulated in salinity stressed groups (P < 0.05). The histopathological images of Nile tilapia exposed to high salinity stress revealed damage in gills, liver, and kidney tissues, which confirmed the harmful effects of increased salinity. Thus, the obtained results demonstrated that the adverse effects of high salinity stress on the health status of Nile tilapia.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100567
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