article · Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
Researchers have developed and evaluated composite materials made of polyaniline and metal-doped lithium titanate for energy storage devices. Using in situ oxidation polymerization, lithium titanate was prepared in pure form and doped with magnesium, manganese, or vanadium, before being coated with polyaniline. Structural analysis confirmed that the materials formed a cubic spinel structure with reduced crystallite size following doping. Electrical and electrochemical testing revealed that combining polyaniline with the metal-doped oxides improved electrical conduction and demonstrated pseudo-capacitive behaviour. Among the tested combinations, the vanadium-doped lithium titanate coated with polyaniline delivered the best performance. It achieved a specific capacitance of 202 F/g, an energy density of 72.8 Wh/kg, a power density of 2430 W/kg, and retained over 82 percent of its initial capacitance after 3000 charge and discharge cycles.
Developing improved electrode materials is critical for creating faster-charging and longer-lasting energy storage systems. By combining conductive polymers with metal-doped lithium titanate, this study demonstrates a way to boost both electrical conductivity and energy retention. This offers valuable insights for designing more durable and efficient components for supercapacitors and hybrid storage devices.
This work is relevant to manufacturers of supercapacitors and energy storage components seeking higher energy and power densities. The testing demonstrates laboratory-scale electrochemical performance, placing the technology at an early stage of research. Further development and scaling would be required before these composite electrodes could be integrated into commercial energy storage products.
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Abstract In this work, pure, doped Mg–, Mn–, and V-Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , as well as polyaniline (PANI), and binary composites have been synthesized for supercapacitor applications. In situ, oxidation polymerization was used to create the nanocomposites. XRD, SEM, and XPS characterized the crystal structure, morphology, and compositions. The XRD analysis shows that all the pure and doped samples crystallize in the cubic spinel phase with a preferred orientation of the crystallites along the (111) direction, and the crystallite size has decreased with the addition of doping. The composites' SEM investigation revealed the production of LTO nanoparticles coated with PANI. The influence of dopant type on electrical and electrochemical characteristics was studied. The electrochemical performance is analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and impedance methods in a 1 M LiNO 3 electrolyte solution, whereas their electrical conductivity and dielectric constant are measured by electric impedance spectroscopy. All samples showed conductivity and dielectric properties depending on the composition of the samples. The electrical conduction is enhanced by adding PANI to the pure and doped LTO samples. The electrochemical data obtained showed pseudo-capacitive behavior with a revisable charge/discharge property, and specific capacitance values lie between 58 and 202 F/g depending upon sample composition. The V-LTO@PANI demonstrates the highest performance among all the tested electrodes. The V-LTO@PANI electrode shows a specific capacitance of 202 F/g, a maximum energy density of 72.8 Wh/kg, a maximum power density of 2430 W/kg, and high cycling performance, with 82.6% capacitance retained over 3000 cycles at 1 A/g.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02720-x
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