article · BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS
Toxic dyes and heavy metals in wastewater present severe risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Dyes block sunlight, preventing photosynthesis and depleting dissolved oxygen in water, whilst many dyes and heavy metals are mutagenic or carcinogenic. Heterogeneous photocatalysis offers an advantageous alternative to conventional wastewater treatment because it operates at ambient temperature and pressure, incurs low costs, and can degrade pollutants into environmentally safe products. Titanium dioxide stands out as an effective photocatalytic material due to its distinctive physicochemical characteristics. This review outlines the various operational parameters influencing pollutant removal proficiency and details methods used to enhance the catalytic performance of titanium dioxide for treating organic and inorganic contaminants in water and wastewater.
Industrial dyes and heavy metals pollute vital water sources, endangering aquatic life and public health. Understanding how to use titanium dioxide to break down these contaminants at ambient temperatures provides a greener, potentially cheaper foundation for cleaning industrial wastewater before it harms surrounding communities and ecosystems.
The work focuses on water and wastewater remediation, which is relevant to industrial facilities and municipal treatment operators seeking low-cost, ambient-condition pollutant removal methods. Because this review surveys performance enhancement strategies and operational parameters rather than testing a specific device or operational deployment, the underlying technologies remain at an early, review-level research stage.
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The hazardous toxicity of dye materials, even in low concentrations, harms ecological systems. It releases a large number of contaminants into the water, resulting as waste water. Dyes prevent the process of photosynthesis by obstructing light passage, lowers the oxygen levels dissolved in the water. Also, a good number of the dyes and heavy metals are carcinogenic and mutagenic to human beings. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising technology for removing organic, inorganic, and microbial pollutants from water and wastewater. It is preferable to other conventional wastewater treatment approaches due to its benefit, such as low cost, environmental friendliness, ability to proceed at ambient temperature and pressure conditions, and to completely degrade pollutants into environmentally safe products with suitable measures. The titanium oxide (TiO2) is one of the most promising material that has gained enormous importance in the field of energy and environmental applications. The unique physicochemical properties of TiO2 make it one of the best candidates among existing photocatalysts. This review provides an overview of strategies employed to augment its catalytic performance as well as the impact of different operational parameters on the removal proficiency of various organic and inorganic pollutants in water and wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.2.13948.430-450
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