Pharmacological Investigation of Withania somnifera: A Neuropharmacological Study in Rats

Abstract

Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, is a globally utilized herbal remedy for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders. Its reputation as an adaptogen has led to a surge in global usage. The growing popularity of this plant has prompted its increased scientific research into its pharmacological effects, particularly regarding its potential applications for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to investigate the neurobehavioral effects and anticonvulsant properties of the ethanol extract derived from the leaves of Withania somnifera. The neurobehavioral properties were assessed using various methods, including the locomotor activity test, hole board test, rotarod test, elevated plus maze (EPM), and forced swim test. We conducted convulsion tests using picrotoxin and strychnine to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of Withania somnifera. Our results showed that the extract (400-1600 mg/kg) significantly increased head dips and locomotion activities (P<0.05) without impairing motor coordination. We found that the extract protected mice against picrotoxin-induced convulsions in a dose-related manner, but it did not affect strychnine-induced convulsions. This study demonstrates that the ethanol extract of Withania somnifera leaves exhibits anxiolytic effects without inducing neuromuscular side effects, highlighting its potential therapeutic value. Our findings provide partial support for the traditional use of this extract in treating central nervous system disorders.