Pharmacological interventions for neuropathic pain

Abstract

Neuropathic pain, arising from somatosensory system damage, affects 3-17% of the global population. This review evaluates current pharmacological treatments, explores emerging therapies, and assesses personalized medicine's potential in neuropathic pain management. Current treatments include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), gabapentinoids, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), but efficacy is limited by variable responses and side effects. Emerging therapies like pharmacogenomics and stem cell therapy show promise but require clinical validation. Methods: A narrative review of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus literature (2010-2023) focused on clinical trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines. Results: First-line drugs (TCAs, gabapentinoids) provide partial relief, while second- and third-line agents are limited by adverse effects. Pharmacogenomics reveals genetic variants influencing drug metabolism, enabling personalized approaches. Preclinical studies highlight stem cells and Nav1.7 channel modulators as potential breakthroughs. Conclusion: Neuropathic pain management remains suboptimal due to heterogeneity and adverse effects. Integrating pharmacogenomics and novel interventions may enhance precision, but further research is needed. A multidisciplinary approach combining advanced diagnostics and targeted treatments is critical for improving outcomes. Personalized medicine and emerging therapies offer potential solutions, but clinical validation is essential to bridge the translational gap