Perspectives and Experiences of People Living with HIV Regarding the Use of Health Education and Physical Activity to Promote Cardiovascular Health

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has rendered HIV a chronic condition, extending the lifespan of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and heightening their risk of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study explored the lived experiences, health behaviours, and informational needs of PLHIV with co-existing CVDs to inform the development of a physiotherapy-led health education and physical activity intervention. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was conducted at two health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 27 PLHIV, eight of which are serving as community health volunteers. Purposeful and snowball sampling methods were employed. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide and was analysed thematically following Braun and Clarke’s framework. Atlas.ti and Dedoose facilitated independent analyses by two researchers. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Experiences and challenges living with HIV and CVDs; (2) Experiences and perspectives with health behaviours and physical activity; (3) Knowledge and information sources; and (4) Program recommendations. Participants highlighted personal, social, and systemic barriers to cardiovascular health promotion, but expressed a commitment to preventative initiatives. The findings highlight the importance of patient-centered and culturally sensitive interventions. Insights from this study will inform the development of a physiotherapy-led program, tailored to resource-limited HIV care settings.