Perceived Socio-cultural and Economic Determinants of School Reintegration among Adolescent Mothers in Post-COVID Uganda

Abstract

This paper examines the socio-cultural and economic factors shaping the reintegration of adolescent mothers into education following teenage pregnancies during the COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda. Focusing on the question, “What socio-cultural and economic factors shape girls’ school reintegration?”, the study investigates how community perceptions, household conditions, and institutional responses influence girls’ pathways back to school. This publication is part of a baseline study based on a qualitative strand, whose design draws on in-depth interviews and focus group conversations with adolescent mothers, parents, teachers, and community leaders. Thematic analysis was used to interpret participants’ experiences and perspectives, highlighting the interplay between gender norms, economic realities, and educational policies. Findings reveal that stigma and cultural perceptions of motherhood remain the major determinants of school reintegration, with many girls labelled as “spoilt” and discouraged from returning to school. Community expectations that adolescent mothers should assume adult responsibilities, including marriage and childcare, further constrain their educational opportunities. Economically, poverty and household survival pressures limit families’ ability to finance school re-entry, especially when resources are prioritised for siblings perceived as having greater educational potential. Although government re-entry policies exist, weak implementation and lack of financial and psychosocial support leave many adolescent mothers excluded. The paper argues that meaningful school reintegration requires tackling stigma at the community level, providing targeted economic support for adolescent mothers, and strengthening the accountability of schools and local governments in enforcing re-entry policies. By addressing both socio-cultural and economic barriers, Uganda can move closer to the vision of equitable educational futures outlined in the conference theme Breaking Barriers, Building Futures: Evidence & Action for Girls’ Education.