Perceived Barriers to Uptake of Family Planning Services Among Women of Reproductive Age in Osun State, Nigeria: Findings From a Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background The Nigerian government has implemented several policies and programs aimed at improving access to and uptake of family planning services. However, despite these efforts, the country continues to face significant challenges, with a substantial proportion of women experiencing unmet needs for contraception and high rates of unintended pregnancies. Therefore, this study aims to assess the perceived barriers to the uptake of family planning services among women of reproductive age in Osun State, Nigeria. Methods The study employed a qualitative study design using focus group discussions (FGDs). Women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old, who are not using contraceptives and residing in the selected local government areas within Osun State were included in the study, while women who are not within reproductive age and women using contraceptives were excluded from the study. Participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. One focus group discussion (one group consisting of five participants) was done in each market, giving a total of 12 focus group discussions with 60 participants. A key in-depth interview was also carried out with the permanent secretary of the Osun State Ministry of Health and the Family Planning program coordinator for Osun State. Data was collected using open-ended questions and conducted by doctors and public health professionals. The data was coded and analyzed using ATLAS.ti (Version 24) qualitative data analysis software. First, the interviews were transcribed and organized into themes and sub-themes based on the centrality of ideas within each category. Results Findings of the study highlighted four major barriers, which are: health concerns, spousal disapproval, religious and socio-cultural barriers such as misconceptions and stigma, and system barriers such as shortage of personnel as well as consumables. Conclusion Four primary factors in the evaluation of barriers and challenges to the uptake of family planning services in the study area include personal, spouse, religious and sociocultural, and system factors. Health education should provide accurate information about contraceptive methods, addressing myths and misconceptions. Collaboration with religious leaders can help address faith-based concerns.