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An analysis of panel data from 2003 to 2023 examines the relationship between political instability and human trafficking. Using dynamic fixed-effect and system GMM econometric models, the research evaluates how different aspects of instability affect trafficking rates. The results demonstrate that severe restrictions on civil liberties, particularly limitations on freedom of expression, media freedom, and freedom of association, are strongly linked to increased human trafficking. The lack of these fundamental freedoms establishes conditions in which traffickers can exploit people more readily. Furthermore, the analysis identifies economic vulnerability as a critical driver, showing that population growth and high unemployment rates are positively correlated with human trafficking levels. Protecting civil liberties and addressing economic factors are highlighted as essential measures to mitigate trafficking risks.
Human trafficking thrives where governance fails and populations face severe economic strain. By demonstrating that restrictions on civil liberties and high unemployment directly correlate with higher exploitation rates, this research provides evidence for policymakers, human rights advocates, and international organisations seeking targeted interventions to protect vulnerable communities.
The abstract does not indicate an application pathway, as it focuses on macroeconomic and socio-political policy analysis rather than a commercial product or service.
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Background Political instability encompasses a variety of factors that profoundly impact socio-political and economic conditions, potentially exacerbating human trafficking. This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between political instability and human trafficking by analyzing a panel dataset spanning 2003-2023. Method Employing a dynamic fixed-effect model and system GMM, the findings revealed that how various dimensions of political instability influence human trafficking. Results severe restrictions on civil liberties- particularly the lack of freedom of expression, media freedom, and freedom of association - are strongly associated with higher trafficking rates. Conclusion The absence of these freedoms creates an environment where traffickers can exploit individuals more easily. Additionally, demographic and economic factors, population growth and high unemployment, are positively related with human trafficking, highlighting economic vulnerability as a key driver. As a result, strengthening civil liberties, media freedom, and freedom of association to reduce human trafficking through enhancing economic and non-economic ambitions and showing hope in their lives.
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DOI: 10.5256/f1000research.169888.r406162
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