Pediatric acute kidney injury following bee sting-induced anaphylaxis: a case series

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Bee stings account for approximately 14% of anaphylactic reactions and are the second most common trigger after food allergies. The body's response to bee venom can range from allergic reactions to systemic toxicity, with a mortality rate of 15-25%. Survivors might develop complications such as acute kidney injury, hypertension, anemia, rhabdomyolysis, liver damage, heart attack, and breathing difficulties, depending on the number of stings. In this case series, we discuss two pediatric patients who experienced acute kidney injury following a bee sting, emphasizing the risk of severe systemic complications in children. CASE PRESENTATION: We report two Black African boys with bee sting-induced acute kidney injury: an 11-year-old and a 7-year-old, both with swelling and reduced urine output. Both underwent three hemodialysis sessions and recovered renal function. A year later, the 11-year-old's kidneys were normal, but the 7-year-old was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Bee stings, the second leading cause of fatal anaphylaxis after food allergies, can cause serious complications. This case series emphasizes the importance of early detection and swift treatment to improve outcomes.