Path Loss Characterization for Vehicular Communication Inside Tunnel Under LOS and NLOS Conditions

Abstract

Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication plays an important role in the development of intelligent transportation systems, enhancing road safety and traffic efficiency. Path loss represents a key factor that affects the reliability and performance of vehicular communication, as it determines signal attenuation over distance. In this paper, we characterize path loss for vehicle-to-vehicle communication within a rectangular tunnel, addressing both line-of-sight and non line-of-sight conditions. We present general path loss expressions and conduct numerical simulations that account for variables such as propagation distance, number of reflections, and tunnel surface material. The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing the simulation results with empirical path loss measurements. The simulations demonstrate that the model performs effectively, providing a reliable prediction of path loss in tunnel environments.