review · Brain and Behavior
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder causing motor and sensory impairments that affects over ten million people globally. Evidence increasingly demonstrates a link between this condition and changes in gut microbiota composition. Through a comprehensive review of existing scientific literature across major databases, the complex interactions within the gut-microbiota-brain axis were evaluated. The analysis examines how variations in gut microbes and related factors influence disease progression, alongside the potential involvement of prebiotics and probiotics. By detailing the mechanisms linking microbial changes to the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis, the synthesis highlights pathways connecting the gastrointestinal environment to neurodegeneration. Ultimately, this body of evidence underscores how clarifying microbial interactions could inform future avenues for developing innovative therapeutic strategies against the disease.
Parkinson's disease poses severe daily challenges for millions globally through motor and sensory decline. Understanding how gut health directly influences the brain opens new ways of thinking about neurodegenerative disorders. Exploring the gut-brain connection could eventually guide targeted strategies, such as dietary or microbial interventions, aimed at managing or addressing disease mechanisms beyond traditional neurological approaches.
This work points towards potential therapeutic applications, including the future development of microbiome-targeted treatments, prebiotics, or probiotics for managing Parkinson's disease. As a narrative review of existing literature, this research represents an early, conceptual stage of development. Considerable translation, validation, and clinical testing would be required by pharmaceutical or biotechnology developers before any practical commercial therapies or medical products could reach the market.
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INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 10 million individuals worldwide. It is characterized by motor and sensory deficits. Research studies have increasingly demonstrated a correlation between Parkinson's disease and alternations in the composition of the gut microbiota in affected patients. Also, the significant role of prebiotics and probiotics in gastrointestinal and neurological conditions is imperative to understand their relation to Parkinson's disease. METHOD: To explore the scientific interaction of the gut-microbiota-brain axis and its association with Parkinson's disease, a comprehensive narrative review of the relevant literature was conducted. Articles were retrieved systematically from reputable sources, including PubMed, Science Direct, World Health Organization (WHO), and Advanced Google Scholar. Key search terms included are "Parkinson's Disease", "Gut Microbiome", "Braak's Theory", "Neurological Disorders", and "Gut-brain axis". Articles included in our review are published in English and they provide detailed information on the relationship between Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota RESULTS: This review highlights the impact of gut microbiota composition and associated factors on the progression of Parkinson's disease. Evidence-based studies highlighting the existing evidence of the relationship between Parkinson's disease and alteration in gut microbiota are discussed. Consequently, the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may affect the composition of the gut microbiota were revealed, with a particular emphasis on the role of the gut-brain axis in this interplay. CONCLUSION: Understanding the complex interplay between gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease is a potential implication for the development of novel therapeutics against Parkinson's disease. Following the existing relationship demonstrated by different evidence-based studies on Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota, our review concludes by providing recommendations and suggestions for future research studies with a particular emphasis on the impact of the microbiota-brain axis on Parkinson's disease.
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DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3130
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