Parametric investigation of drying processes for graphene nanomaterials: Heat and mass transfer analysis

Abstract

Abstract Graphene nanomaterials, due to their unique properties, require precise drying techniques to preserve both their structural integrity and functional performance. This study presents a comprehensive parametric investigation into the drying processes of graphene, with a focus on the interplay between key parameters such as temperature, airflow velocity, and material thickness. Using advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we evaluate the effects of these parameters on heat and mass transfer dynamics, moisture removal efficiency, thermal stress distribution, and the overall structural stability of the nanomaterials during the drying process. The results reveal that critical temperature gradients significantly influence moisture diffusion rates, with higher drying temperatures (90°C) enhancing moisture removal but increasing thermal stress to ~200 MPa. In contrast, moderate drying at 70°C minimizes stress (~80 MPa) while maintaining efficient diffusion. The study identifies optimal airflow conditions (1.5–2.5 m/s) that maximize convective heat transfer, ensuring uniform drying and reducing energy consumption. Additionally, thicker graphene layers (>1 mm) exhibit higher thermal resistance, prolonging drying times, whereas thinner layers (<0.5 mm) dry faster but are more susceptible to overheating. These findings provide new insights into the fundamental drying mechanisms of graphene, offering a robust framework for optimizing drying techniques in industrial applications, particularly in nanomaterial processing.