Outcome of Gynecological Cancers at Mansoura University Hospital: A prospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: Gynecological cancers contribute substantially to cancer-related morbidity and mortality. This study addresses the lack of comprehensive data on gynecologic malignancies, especially in less developed countries, focusing on Egypt. Understanding the incidence, presentation, and outcomes of these cancers is crucial for effective cancer control strategies.Objective: This prospective cross-sectional study, conducted from May 2022 to April 2023 at Mansoura University Hospital, aimed to collect detailed information on gynecologic malignancies. The primary objective was to analyze the treatment outcomes of different types of gynecologic cancers in patients admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology department.Methods: Patients aged 18 and above with histologically confirmed gynecological cancers were included. Data on demographics, medical history, clinical presentation, staging, histological types, primary treatment, and outcomes were collected. Follow-up involved radiological studies and tumor marker assessments at 3, 6, and 12-month intervals. Treatment outcomes were categorized as progressive, regressive, recurrent, cured, or deceased.Results: Revealed 137 cases, with endometrial cancer being the most common (34.3%). Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma dominated cervical cancers, while high-grade serous carcinoma was prevalent in ovarian cancers. Most endometrial cancer cases presented at early stages (73.1% at Stage I). Most of the patients with cervical malignancy present with stage II disease and above, whereas most of the ovarian cancer cases present with disease in stage III and stage IV. Primary treatments varied, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Cure rates were highest in GTN and endometrial cancer (90.5%, 51.3%, respectively) and lowest in cervical cancer (6.3%). Mortality rates were highest in cervical cancer (21.9%). Ovarian cancer had the highest recurrence rate (18.5%). Overall, 11.6% of patients were lost to follow-up.Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, presentation, and outcomes of gynecological cancers in Egypt. The findings emphasize the need for increased awareness, early detection, and improved cancer control measures, especially in developing countries. The data collected serve as a foundation for informed decision-making and the development of targeted interventions in gynecologic oncology.