Oral Health Status of School Children in South Africa: Quasi-Experimental Research

Abstract

Background: The global prevalence of oral disease including dental caries varies significantly across different regions, and South Africa is no exception. Although dental caries is a major public health concern, it is largely preventable through the promotion of proper oral hygiene practices and screening. The study aimed to assess the oral health status of school children within selected primary schools in the Tshwane District, South Africa. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design employing a quantitative research approach, structured into three phases: a pre-test assessment, the implementation of the intervention, and a post-test evaluation. Dental screening was conducted on 390 primary school children selected from five selected primary schools. and participated willingly in the study. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS, incorporating both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results: Prior to screening, 75.9% of participants exhibited dental caries, while only 24.1% showed no signs of tooth decay. The participants’ oral hygiene care improved after reported high plaque score (19.0%) pre intervention which decreases (1.8%) post intervention, those with poor oral hygiene reduce (30.1%) pre intervention as compared to 16.2%. The hygiene care improved after reported high plaque score (19.0%) pre intervention which decreases (1.8%) post intervention. The proportion of dmft in primary teeth recorded 37.3% pre intervention higher than post intervention (23.2%). Additionally, the record of DMFT in permanent teeth (49.2%) pre intervention compared to the post intervention (40.8%). The study reported similar percentage on the treatment during pre and post intervention (75.9%). Conclusion: Dental screening intervention yielded promising short-term results, particularly in plaque reduction and caries detection. However, its long-term success hinges on integrating school efforts with parental support and improving access to follow-up dental care. A comprehensive, multi-stakeholder approach remains essential to ensure lasting oral health benefits for children.