Oral Health in Children With Congenital Heart Diseases: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Abstract

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly among live births, and can present in different forms. Due to significant improvements in the surgical treatment of CHDs, the population of children with CHDs is increasing. Studies have shown that these children have worse oral health than their healthy counterparts. This is mainly due to a lack of oral hygiene measures, a lack of fluoride exposure, insufficient water intake, sugar intake, and the effect of cardiac medications. Due to poor oral health, they also have a prevalence of caries and gingival diseases, and need comprehensive dental treatment. This narrative review was motivated by a lack of clear guidelines for dentists, pediatric cardiologists, and parents on preventing poor oral health in children with CHDs. A comprehensive search strategy was employed, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant literature on oral manifestations and dental management of children with CHDs. We highlighted the necessity of the multidisciplinary team for optimal dental management of children with CHDs. In addition, we discussed optimal dental management strategies to improve their overall health outcomes and quality of life.