Optimum energy management of distribution networks with integrated decentralized PV-BES systems using SPEA2-based optimization approach

Abstract

This study proposes an optimized method for reducing operational costs by integrating a microgrid consisting of photovoltaic (PV) panels and battery energy storage systems (BESS), thereby decreasing dependence on the main grid. Traditionally, electricity demands have been met primarily by the main grid. However, with the increased use of renewable energy sources and BESS in microgrids, it's now possible to lower generation costs, improve environmental sustainability, and enhance energy efficiency. In this paper, the optimization problem is tackled using the SPEA2 algorithm, focusing on three main Objectives: (i) minimizing technical issues like power losses and voltage fluctuations in the grid, (ii) maximizing financial returns for distribution network operators, and (iii) reducing grid imports. The paper provides a comprehensive set of numerical results, leveraging detailed data on energy demand, local solar irradiance, and energy storage systems to validate the proposed method. The obtained results, based on two case studies, confirm that the optimal energy combination between power units and the main grid at each time reduces power losses by 47%, voltage deviation by 51% and improve financial returns by 54% (compared to the reference case). The results highlight also the added value of BESS integration in minimizing grid imports, especially during peak hours. It can be said that the results underscore the remarkable efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its capability to address the targeted challenges while achieving optimal performance metrics.