article · Journal of CO2 Utilization
Nickel-alumina catalysts for carbon dioxide methanation were produced using a simple solution combustion technique evaluated at 350, 500, and 700 degrees Celsius. These were compared against a benchmark catalyst produced via conventional impregnation. Testing revealed that the catalyst prepared at the lowest combustion temperature, 350 degrees Celsius, delivered the highest catalytic activity for converting carbon dioxide into methane. Performance decreased consistently as synthesis temperatures rose, with all combustion-derived catalysts outperforming the impregnated version. Higher combustion temperatures led to reduced nickel dispersion and fewer basic sites, which diminished the active surface area available for hydrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption. Consequently, higher synthesis temperatures lowered overall catalytic activity whilst increasing the rate of carbon deposition.
Converting carbon dioxide into synthetic methane provides a pathway for utilising captured greenhouse gases. Identifying the optimal preparation temperature ensures that catalysts retain maximum active surface area and resist carbon deposition. This understanding aids the development of more efficient and durable materials for carbon recycling systems.
This early-stage research is relevant to industrial chemical processors and catalyst manufacturers developing systems for carbon dioxide methanation and carbon capture utilisation. By demonstrating that lower combustion temperatures yield more active and deposition-resistant materials, the findings could guide more energy-efficient synthesis of commercial catalysts. However, the work remains at laboratory scale, and further testing is required before practical industrial deployment.
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Ni/Al2O3 catalysts (noted as Ni/Al-350, Ni/Al-500, and Ni/Al-700, respectively) were synthesized by a facile solution combustion method but at different combustion temperatures (350 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C, respectively). For comparison, Ni/Al2O3 (noted as Ni/Al-100) was also prepared by the impregnation method and applied in the methanation reaction. The Ni/Al2O3 synthesized at the combustion temperature of 350 °C showed better performance than the others at higher combustion temperatures, and the activity for CO2 methanation followed an order of Ni/Al-350 > Ni/Al-500 > Ni/Al-700 > Ni/Al-100. The increase in the combustion temperature decreased active sites for the H2 and CO2 adsorption, which could be associated with the reduced Ni dispersion and basic sites, thus lowering its activity and increasing its carbon deposition rate.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102678
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