article · Diamond and Related Materials
Graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles were produced using a standard hydrothermal technique and characterised through various spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The material was evaluated for its capacity to break down methylene blue, a model dye pollutant, under light irradiation. To determine the most effective operating parameters, response surface methodology was applied to analyse the influence of solution pH, photocatalyst dosage, and exposure duration. Under the calculated optimal settings of a basic pH of 10.83, a catalyst concentration of 1.3 grams per litre, and an irradiation period of roughly 119 minutes, the process achieved a dye degradation efficiency of 86.58 per cent. The breakdown reaction followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the investigation also identified the primary reactive species driving the photocatalytic mechanism.
Industrial dyes like methylene blue frequently contaminate water systems, presenting risks to ecosystems and public health. Identifying the optimal operational settings for nanomaterials such as graphitic carbon nitride provides critical data for improving photocatalytic water treatment methods. Understanding reaction conditions and active chemical species helps refine solar- or light-driven techniques to neutralise harmful liquid waste effectively.
This research provides laboratory-scale benchmarks for treating dye-contaminated wastewater, which may interest water treatment facilities and industrial chemical operators. However, the abstract describes early-stage experimental work tested only on a model pollutant under specific laboratory conditions. Transitioning towards viable commercial use would require validation in complex, real-world effluent streams, assessment of catalyst recyclability, and testing in scaled continuous-flow reactors.
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In the present paper, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared using a conventional hydrothermal process. Several characterization methods were applied to analyze the resulting g-C3N4 sample, such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, attenuated total reflectance -Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The pollutant selected to measure the g-C3N4 photocatalytic performance was methylene blue (MB). Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the pH solution effects, photocatalyst dose (mg/L), and irradiation period (min) were examined and adjusted. The optimal conditions, which included 1.3 g/L of g-C3N4 photocatalyst, solution pH = 10.83, and irradiation time = 119.3 min, resulted in a degradation efficiency of 86.58 %. The principal active species involved in photocatalytic degradation have been identified and a potential mechanism has also been provided. Additionally, the degradation kinetics were monitored and obtained to follow pseudo-second order kinetics.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2023.109986
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