article · Next Materials
Titanium dioxide nanotube morphology is critical for functionality across various disciplines. To control these dimensions, response surface methodology was applied to optimise the anodisation process in an ethylene glycol electrolyte containing ammonium fluoride and water. The investigation evaluated how electrolyte concentration, anodisation voltage, and processing duration govern nanotube diameter and length. Predictive regression models demonstrated strong agreement with experimental data, yielding multiple regression coefficients of 0.9649 for tube diameter and 0.9253 for tube length. The optimal settings were identified as an electrolyte concentration of 0.31 weight percent, an anodisation voltage of 38.44 volts, and a duration of 69.37 minutes. These parameters produced nanotubes with an average diameter of 99.31 nanometres and a length of 4572.64 nanometres. Nanotube growth proved significantly more sensitive to voltage and time than to ammonium fluoride concentration.
Titanium dioxide nanotubes require precise physical dimensions to perform effectively in different settings. By defining the exact electrical and chemical conditions required to grow specific tube diameters and lengths, process developers can avoid costly trial and error. This modelling technique provides a predictable framework for tuning nanostructure dimensions reliably during synthesis.
Although the abstract notes that nanotube morphology is crucial for various fields, it does not indicate a specific application pathway, target user, or stage of commercial development.
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TiO2 nanotube (TNT) morphology is crucial for applications in a variety of fields. In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to optimize the anodizing parameters i.e., electrolyte concentration (C), anodization voltage (V), and time (t) for morphology (e.g., nanotube diameter and length) of TNTs. Ethylene glycol (EG) based electrolyte has been used for anodization employing ammonium fluoride (NH4F) as a source of fluoride ion (F–) with 2.5 vol% H2O. Reliable regression models have been developed between the input variables and the corresponding responses, namely tube diameter and length with multiple regression coefficients of 0.9649 and 0.9253, respectively, revealing a trustworthy association between the actual and those predicted values using the quadratic model. The predicted values of C (0.31 wt%), V (38.44 V), and t (69.37 min) were found to be the optimum anodization condition preceding a TiO2 nanotubes diameter of 99.31 nm and length of 4572.64 nm. It was observed that the nanotubes diameter and length are more affected by anodizing voltage and time, and less sensitive to NH4F concentration. Therefore, RMS could be an appropriate technique to optimize anodizing parameters for producing TiO2 nanotubes with good morphology.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2023.100061
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