Ocular manifestations associated with Pre-eclampsia

Abstract

1. Preeclampsia Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy include mild, severe preeclampsia and eclampsia with blood disorders as hemolysis, increased liver enzymes and decreased platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. These disorders have a significant effect on multiple organs as heart, liver, brain and kidneys. Also, the eye may be -to a variable degree -included. (Lambert et al., 2014) Preeclampsia causes multiple organ failure, hypertension, proteinuria, and ultimately, maternal death so it is regarded as a serious pregnancy complication. (Kongwattanakul et al., 2018) It occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is distinguished by an atypical vascular reaction to placentation and linked to heightened systemic vascular resistance, increased platelet aggregation, stimulating the coagulation , and malfunction of endothelial cells.(2000) According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), it is defined as the presence of SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg, values taken in a previously normotensive female patient at least at two different sessions and at least 4 hours apart.(2013) Hypertension and proteinuria are both necessary for diagnosing preeclampsia, although the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP) and ACOG diagnose preeclampsia in the absence of proteinuria in presence of other specific symptoms. (Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2013, Basques et al., 2018)