article · Numerical Heat Transfer Part A Applications
This numerical study uses the lattice Boltzmann method to investigate natural convection heat transfer inside an inclined square cavity filled with aluminium oxide and copper water nanofluids. The system incorporates a heated chip on the left wall with a sinusoidal temperature distribution. Analysis focused on four key parameters: Rayleigh number, chip length, nanoparticle volume concentration, and the cavity tilt angle. Higher Rayleigh numbers significantly improve heat transfer because buoyancy forces accelerate fluid movement. Furthermore, adjusting the tilt angle markedly alters thermal performance depending on the orientation relative to the heated wall. Longer heating chips also enhance heat transfer across the enclosure. Introducing nanoparticles, particularly copper in water, delivers a substantial increase in thermal transmission as their volume fraction rises up to six percent.
Efficient heat dissipation is essential for maintaining performance and preventing failure in compact electronic components. Understanding how nanofluids, enclosure tilt, and heat source sizing interact allows engineers to design better thermal management systems for microelectronics. These numerical insights provide clear guidance on how fluid composition and physical orientation alter natural cooling efficiency.
This work represents early-stage numerical modelling relevant to cooling technologies in electronics and thermal management equipment. Thermal design engineers could apply the findings to evaluate nanofluid cooling performance and cavity orientation. However, because the study is entirely theoretical and computational, significant physical prototyping and real-world experimental testing will be required before commercial implementation.
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The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was implemented in the present research to assess a numerical investigation of the heat transfer caused by natural convection in a nanofluid-filled inclined square cavity with a sinusoidal distribution of temperatures on a heated chip in the left wall. It has its foundation in the lattice-BGK (Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook) model and the single-relaxation-time approach of the D2Q9 scheme. A discussion is held concerning the impact of different physical variables on thermal transfer efficiency. The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of four essential parameters: the Rayleigh number, length of the heated chip, volume concentration of the nanofluids, and tilt angle. These variations encompassed ranges of 103 to 106, H/4 to H, 0% to 6%, and 0° to 315°, respectively. The results indicate that an increase in the Rayleigh number leads to a noteworthy improvement in heat transfer, driven by an accelerated fluid flow induced by buoyancy forces. The tilt angle, interacting with the hot wall's position, becomes a crucial factor, significantly influencing heat transfer in specific orientations. The length of the heating chip impacts fluid flow, demonstrating a marked enhancement in heat transfer within the cavity. Importantly, the use of nanoparticles, particularly in the Cu/H2O nanofluid, exhibits a substantial increase in thermal transmission as the nanoparticle volumetric fraction rises. These findings extend beyond heat transfer mechanisms, carrying significant implications for the scientific and technological realms. The validation findings are in good accord with the available research, the results of experiments, and the numerical data.
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DOI: 10.1080/10407782.2024.2314230
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