Novel 3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)coumarin-based chalcones as selective inhibitors of cancer-related carbonic anhydrases IX and XII endowed with anti-proliferative activity

Abstract

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are one of the promising targets for the development of anticancer agents. CA isoforms are implicated in various physiological processes and are expressed in both normal and cancerous cells. Thus, non-isoform selective inhibitors are associated with several side effects. Consequently, designing selective inhibitors towards cancer-related <i>h</i>CA IX/XII rather than the ubiquitous cytosolic isozymes <i>h</i>CA I and II is the main research objective in the field. Herein, a new series of 3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)coumarin derivatives <b>3</b> and <b>5a-o</b> was designed and synthesised. The CA inhibition activities for the synthesised coumarins were analysed on isoforms <i>h</i>CA I, II, IX, and XII. Interestingly, both cancer-linked isoforms <i>h</i>CA IX/XII were inhibited by the prepared coumarins with inhibition constants ranging from sub- to low-micromolar range, whereas <i>h</i>CA I and II isoforms haven't been inhibited up to 100 µM. Furthermore, the target coumarins were assessed for their antitumor activity on NCI-59 human cancer types.