article · Electrochemistry Communications
Diabetes is a widespread chronic condition requiring regular blood glucose tracking to manage effectively. Wearable electrochemical sensors present a non-invasive approach to continuous glucose monitoring, helping to overcome the discomfort and limitations associated with conventional finger-stick tests. This work reviews recent progress and challenges in creating non-invasive epidermal sensors capable of tracking glucose levels in real time. It evaluates technologies that detect glucose across various biological fluids, including skin interstitial fluid, sweat, tears, and saliva. The assessment balances the benefits of these emerging devices against current hurdles, such as ensuring measurement accuracy and operating efficiency. By tracking physiological parameters continuously and non-invasively, these systems support timely medical interventions and disease management, while also providing valuable insights for future developments aimed at improving overall patient quality of life.
Managing diabetes typically requires painful and frequent finger-stick blood sampling throughout the day. Non-invasive wearable sensors track glucose continuously using bodily fluids like sweat or saliva instead of blood. This approach can provide uninterrupted health data, allowing patients and healthcare providers to spot dangerous glucose shifts quickly, prevent complications, and manage long-term health with far greater comfort and convenience.
The technologies examined could enable wearable consumer health devices and medical monitors for people living with diabetes. Because this work is a review identifying current technical obstacles, accuracy issues, and future development paths across various bodily fluids, the underlying innovations appear to be at the research and development stage rather than ready for immediate clinical deployment.
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Diabetes is an increasingly prevalent chronic condition affecting millions worldwide. Regularly monitoring blood sugar levels is essential for managing the disease effectively. The growing importance of wearable sensors across diverse sectors lies in their ability to non-invasively monitor health parameters, support disease management, improve safety, and offer valuable research insights. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring has become a global focus of research, offering hope for many patients. Continuous glucose monitoring surpasses the limitations of traditional finger-stick tests, enabling timely interventions for better management. This review article examines recent progress and obstacles in developing non-invasive epidermal electrochemical glucose sensors. It explores methods utilizing biological fluids such as skin interstitial fluid, sweat, tears, and saliva, highlighting both advantages and limitations in device advancements. Furthermore, the review outlines future directions in glucose detection technology and its potential to enhance patients' quality of life. • This review explores advances in epidermal electrochemical glucose sensors using biofluids. • Wearable sensors enable non-invasive health monitoring and disease management. • Non-invasive glucose monitoring is a promising alternative to finger-stick tests. • The review analyzes glucose monitoring tech, focusing on accuracy, efficiency, and future improvements.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2025.107894
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