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article · Cleaner Water

Nigeria's water crisis: Abundant water, polluted reality

202488 citationsOpen access

In plain language

Despite possessing extensive water resources, Nigeria is experiencing a significant water crisis, leading to public health and security challenges. This review systematically examines the complex factors contributing to water shortages and their impacts on Nigerian livelihoods and stability. It identifies key causes of pollution, including urban activities, agrochemical run-offs, and mismanagement, and details their negative effects on health and the environment. The study, which analysed 305 related papers, also highlights barriers to clean water access, such as inadequate infrastructure and inefficient resource management. The review concludes by recommending improvements in water treatment facilities, the adoption of sustainable water management strategies, and the enforcement of stricter laws.

Key takeaways

  • Nigeria faces a severe water crisis despite its abundant water resources.
  • Pollution from urban activities, agrochemical run-offs, and mismanagement are primary causes of the crisis.
  • Water scarcity and pollution negatively impact public health, the environment, livelihoods, and national stability.
  • Barriers to clean water access include insufficient infrastructure and inefficient resource management.
  • Improving water treatment, sustainable management, and stricter laws are recommended solutions.

Why it matters

This research highlights a critical issue in Nigeria, where widespread water pollution and mismanagement undermine public health and societal stability, despite the country's natural water wealth. Understanding these complex challenges is crucial for developing effective strategies to ensure clean water access for all citizens.

Commercialisation angle

The abstract focuses on identifying problems and recommending policy and infrastructure improvements, and therefore does not indicate an application pathway for commercialisation.

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Abstract

Despite Nigeria's immense wealth in water resources, the country faces a significant water crisis that is exceptionally difficult to resolve, particularly considering the associated public health and security challenges. This review aims to expound on the complex determinants and the outcomes of the water shortage in Nigeria focusing more on its effects on the general livelihood and stability of Nigerians. Using a systematic approach, this paper reviews water scarcity, the causes of pollution– including urban activities, agrochemical run-offs, and mismanagement – and their negative impacts on health and the environment in Nigeria. A total of 305 studies relating to water pollution and crisis in Nigeria were examined in this study. One more point of the evaluation is that the review outlines the existing barriers preventing the all-inclusive availability of clean water, for example, the lack of appropriate infrastructure and inefficient resource management. The review emphasizes improving water treatment facilities, advancing water management strategies that are sustainable, and tightening certain laws.

Research topics

  • Child Nutrition and Water Access
  • Water resources management and optimization
  • Wastewater Treatment and Reuse

Sustainable Development Goals

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DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100026

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