Next-generation lipid nanocarriers for Parkinson's therapy: nose-to-brain innovations and clinical prospects

Abstract

, lipid crystallinity, phase transitions, hybridization with plant exosomes) with intranasal transport pathways and therapeutic outcomes in PD. We highlight multifunctional innovations such as stimuli-responsive lipid systems, exosome-cubosome hybrids, and AI-guided formulation modeling coupled with microfluidic manufacturing. By linking mechanistic insights with translational hurdles-including safety and regulatory challenges-we provide a forward-looking roadmap for next-generation nanotherapies poised to redefine PD management and accelerate clinical translation.