article · Applied Physics A
Zirconium-doped barium titanate nanoparticles, formulated as BaTi1–xZrxO3 where x ranges from 0.0 to 0.3, offer promising characteristics for optical uses and environmental remediation. Synthesised using lower annealing temperatures, shorter processing durations, and cheaper starting materials than standard methods, the resulting powders maintain high functional quality. Structural characterisation confirms the material tetragonality and coarse morphology. Optical analysis demonstrates that electronic transitions are directly allowed, with the optical band gap widening as zirconium concentration rises. Beyond optical tuning, the material exhibits catalytic capabilities, demonstrating ability to perform overall water splitting as well as carbon dioxide reduction. In environmental testing, adsorption studies using standard isotherms revealed that a specific composition, BaTi0.8Zr0.2O3, achieves a 99.9% removal rate of toxic hexavalent chromium from wastewater. These findings show effective structural and optical control alongside potent depollution performance.
Industrial wastewater contamination and greenhouse gas emissions demand cost-effective, scalable functional materials. Producing high-performing photocatalytic nanoparticles using cheaper precursors and lower thermal processing addresses key manufacturing bottlenecks. Demonstrating near-complete removal of hazardous hexavalent chromium alongside capabilities for water splitting and carbon dioxide conversion points to practical, multi-functional materials for clean water and environmental remediation technologies.
The work targets applications in industrial wastewater treatment, green hydrogen production through water splitting, and carbon dioxide reduction. Potential users include municipal water authorities, chemical manufacturers managing hazardous effluent, and clean energy developers. Because the material relies on lower-cost synthesis and achieved a 99.9% removal rate for chromium in laboratory tests, it shows clear applied potential, though it remains at an early laboratory-tested stage requiring pilot scale-up and field testing under operational conditions.
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Abstract The present work scrutinizes a few uses of barium titanate BaTi 1–x Zr x O 3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) nanoparticles, which are an innovative and highly promising material for a variety of applications, including optical applications; and waste water treatment. To estimate the quality of a synthesized powder relative to an already existing commercial powder, the samples were prepared using cheaper raw materials and simpler, faster procedures than those reported in other literature at lower annealing durations and temperatures. The prepared samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the coarse nature of the samples and the system's tetragonality. Furthermore, UV–visible absorbance of all compositions was studied. It has been determined that optical transition is directly allowed after extensive research, and the optical band gap (E g ) values increase with increasing (Zr 4+ ) ion concentration. The derivation of absorption spectrum fitting (DASF) technique was used to support the type of transition and calculate the value of the coefficient of electronic transition (n). Samples can perform overall water splitting and CO 2 reduction processes. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to comprehend the procedure of adsorption on the investigated samples. The BaTi 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 3 has been used to successfully remove 99.9% of heavy metals (Cr 6+ ) from wastewater. The obtained results provide new insights into the control of the structure, and optical behaviors in BaTi 1–x Zr x O 3 .
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DOI: 10.1007/s00339-024-07381-2
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