review · Pharmaceuticals
Recent developments in bioengineering have significantly influenced regenerative medicine and dentistry, especially through the fabrication of functional structures to heal, maintain, and regenerate damaged organs and tissues. Combining bioinspired materials, cells, and therapeutic chemicals plays a crucial role in promoting tissue regeneration and developing medicinal systems. Over the past two decades, hydrogels have emerged as widely used tissue engineering scaffolds. These materials maintain a distinct three-dimensional form, provide physical stability for cells within engineered tissues, and replicate native tissues such as bone and cartilage. Furthermore, their high water content establishes favourable conditions for cell viability, while also enabling cell immobilisation and the delivery of growth factors. An overview of these bioactive polymeric hydrogels encompasses their structural features, synthesis and production techniques, clinical and scientific uses, as well as current challenges and prospective applications in dental and osseous tissue engineering.
Damaged tissues in the mouth, face, and jaw present complex challenges for conventional healthcare. Hydrogels provide supportive, water-rich environments that imitate natural human tissue, helping cells survive and repair bone or cartilage. Understanding how these biomaterials are synthesised and deployed enables better therapeutic strategies, offering new opportunities to restore vital functions and improve clinical outcomes for patients requiring dental and skeletal reconstruction.
Bioactive polymeric hydrogels could support applications in dental and osseous tissue engineering, specifically enabling targeted cell delivery and growth factor application for regenerative therapies. Clinical practitioners and biomaterial manufacturers represent potential end users. However, as the work is an overview addressing production methods, emerging challenges, and future prospects alongside clinical applications, the technology encompasses concepts spanning from exploratory scientific development to applied use rather than immediate market entry.
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Regenerative medicine, and dentistry offers enormous potential for enhancing treatment results and has been fueled by bioengineering breakthroughs over the previous few decades. Bioengineered tissues and constructing functional structures capable of healing, maintaining, and regenerating damaged tissues and organs have had a broad influence on medicine and dentistry. Approaches for combining bioinspired materials, cells, and therapeutic chemicals are critical in stimulating tissue regeneration or as medicinal systems. Because of its capacity to maintain an unique 3D form, offer physical stability for the cells in produced tissues, and replicate the native tissues, hydrogels have been utilized as one of the most frequent tissue engineering scaffolds during the last twenty years. Hydrogels' high water content can provide an excellent conditions for cell viability as well as an architecture that mimics real tissues, bone, and cartilage. Hydrogels have been used to enable cell immobilization and growth factor application. This paper summarizes the features, structure, synthesis and production methods, uses, new challenges, and future prospects of bioactive polymeric hydrogels in dental and osseous tissue engineering of clinical, exploring, systematical and scientific applications.
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DOI: 10.3390/ph16050702
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