Neurological complications in children and adolescent with Inflammatory Bowel diseases

Abstract

The two primary distinguishing characteristics of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBD is a group of chronic inflammatory illnesses of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD generates extraintestinal symptoms in the central and peripheral nerve systems in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms. Although the exact cause of the neurological symptoms of IBD is still unknown, other possible explanations include immune-mediated aetiology, brain-gut axis dysfunction, thromboembolism, poor nutrition, side effects from medication (metronidazole, sulfasalazine, anti-integrin antibodies, steroids), and thromboembolism. Peripheral neuropathy, demyelinating central nervous system illness, and cerebrovascular disease are the most common neurologic occurrences documented in people with CD and UC. It is not appropriate to treat patients with both multiple sclerosis and IBD with anti-TNF-α therapy. Rarely, anti-TNF-α therapy can also result in demyelinating diseases. To avoid significant neurologic morbidity in IBD patients, early suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological consequences are essential for better outcomes.