Neurobiological and Neuroanatomical Alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorders: How Can Our Knowledge Help Us Manage Them Better?

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterized by neurobehavioral deficits that impair activities of daily living. Despite improvements in our understanding of ASDs, the etiology remains puzzling, with suggestions that its etiopathogenesis is due to both genetic and non-genetic factors. Also, advances in research have provided evidence associating ASD with probably non-distinct neurobiological changes. In this narrative review, we explore recent progress in the understanding of how neuroanatomical, neurobiological, and neuropathological processes impact the etiology and pathogenesis of ASDs. The impact of this knowledge on the development of novel markers and therapies would also be evaluated. Strategy: Using information garnered from current and existing literature, we provide a comprehensive update on the relationship between the brain and ASD. Although the mechanisms underlying ASD pathology are diverse and complex, a complete understanding of their interaction is pertinent to developing effective therapies.