article · Frontiers in Molecular Medicine
Neurodegenerative disorders affect both humans and animals, stemming from neuronal cell death, structural impairment, and the failure of axons to regenerate. Conventional pharmaceutical treatments manage symptoms but do not halt or reverse underlying disease progression. Neural stem cell therapies offer an alternative strategy aimed at replacing lost neurons and stimulating tissue regeneration. Potential cell sources include adult neural stem cells, embryonic neural stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, which are regulated by transcription factors, neurotrophins, and growth factors. These therapies hold therapeutic potential for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. Although clinical trials have shown some initial gains in motor and cognitive performance, broader clinical adoption remains hindered by obstacles including immune rejection, ethical dilemmas, efficacy verification, side effects, and finding compatible cell sources.
Neurodegenerative conditions cause progressive neuronal loss and long-term disability, yet standard medicines fail to stop their development. Investigating neural stem cells provides an avenue for restorative treatments that may rebuild damaged nervous system architecture, offering hope for long-term functional recovery rather than short-term symptom management.
The work highlights potential regenerative therapies for biotechnology companies and clinical healthcare providers addressing neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system trauma. Because the approach faces substantial obstacles such as immune rejection, cell sourcing, safety profiles, and ethical approvals, practical implementation remains at the clinical trial and translational research stage rather than near-market deployment.
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The idea of using stem cell therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases has undergone significant change over the years and has made significant progress recently. Neurotrophins, growth factors, and transcription factors regulate neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Disruption of these regulatory mechanisms, including negative feedback, can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Contemporary research highlights a growing global concern regarding diverse neurodegenerative disorders affecting both humans and animals. These conditions arise from neuronal cell death, axonal regeneration failure, and impairment of neuronal structure. Current pharmacological treatments primarily offer symptomatic relief without altering disease progression. Consequently, researchers are investigating innovative therapeutic strategies, with neural stem cell therapy emerging as a promising avenue. Adult neural stem cells, embryonic neural stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells represent potential cell sources, although challenges such as ethical considerations and technical limitations remain. The therapeutic application of neural stem cells holds significant promise for addressing neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis. Neural stem cell therapy aims to replenish lost neurons and promote neural regeneration in these conditions. While clinical trials have demonstrated some success in improving cognitive and motor functions in individuals with neurodegenerative impairments, challenges such as immunological rejection, the identification of compatible cell sources, ethical concerns, treatment efficacy, and potential side effects necessitate thorough investigation before widespread clinical implementation. Despite these challenges, neural stem cell-based therapy offers substantial potential for revolutionizing the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system injuries. This paper, therefore, explores adult neurogenesis and the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells within the dynamic field of neurodegenerative disorders.
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DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2025.1569717
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